kidney failure dogs phosphorus

Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs (High Phosphorus Levels)

What is Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs?

Hyperphosphatemia is the term for high phosphorus levels in the blood. Phosphorus is a mineral found in bonesthat, together with calcium, helps to build strong,healthybonestructure. Phosphorus also helpstomaintain cell structures and aids in cell energy production. Most of the phosphorus in a dogs body isstoredin bone, but a small percentage is present in the blood.

Calciumand phosphorus have an inverse relationship. When phosphorus levels in the blood are high, calcium levels tend to be lower.For this reason, clinical signs of high phosphoruscorrelatewith clinical signs of too little calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia).

Phosphorus is absorbed in the small intestine andisreleased in the urine. The kidneys and parathyroid glands are important in maintainingphosphoruslevels. Diseases associated with the kidneys, bones, parathyroid gland, or gastrointestinal tract canlead to hyperphosphatemia. The most common disease leading to hyperphosphatemia is chronic renal failure (CRF).

Symptoms of Excess Phosphorus Levels in the Blood of Dogs

Signs of kidney disease can be seen in cases of chronic, or long-lasting, hyperphosphatemia. These symptoms include increased thirst and urination, diluted urine, dehydration, orinappropriate urination. In animalthat already have been diagnosed with chronic renal failure, hyperphosphatemia can speed up the progression ofthis disease.

In high levels, phosphate can combine with calcium to create a solid. This causes a syndrome called metastatic mineralization, which means the decomposition of chemical compoundsinotherwise normal tissues. The most common body systems aected by metastatic mineralization are the urinary system (the kidneys in particular) and the gastrointestinal system. Symptoms of metastatic mineralization can include muscle tremors, muscle atrophy, or seizures.

Hyperphosphatemia in dogs can also cause lethargy, depression, orlossofappetite.

Causes of Excess Phosphorus Levels in the Blood of Dogs

Young, growing dogs can have higher phosphorus levels due to increased growth hormone in their systems and increased need for phosphorus for bone development. Older dogs are more likely to have diseases that will eventually lead to the development ofchronichyperphosphatemia.

Kidney disease is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia in dogs. However, it can also be related to increased absorption of phosphorus through the gastrointestinal tract or throughtranscellular shifting(transport of solutes by a cell through acell) of phosphorus, usually from bone.

Hyperphosphatemia can also be related to:

• Urinary tract obstruction

• Endocrinopathies (hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism)

• Cancer

• Nutritional supplementation

• Bladder rupture

Occasionally, phosphorus will be elevated in cases of serious traumaor inconditionssuch asacute tumor lysis syndrome (seen most commonly with end stage tumors) and rhabdomyolysis, which is a muscular disorder.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs

Hyperphosphatemia is diagnosed through a blood work profile called a biochemistry panel. Other diagnostic methods may be needed to discover the underlying cause of hyperphosphatemia. Those include imaging or additional bloodwork (such as thyroid testing ora complete blood count).

Treatment for Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs

Hospitalization may be needed in severe cases of hyperphosphatemia. Your dog may receive IV fluid therapy and medications such as dextrose, insulin, aluminum hydroxide, or calcium carbonate that can help to decrease phosphorus in the blood.

When dogs are diagnosed with chronic elevations of blood phosphorus, they are commonlytreated orally with phosphate binders. Dietary restriction of phosphorus is recommended through switching your dogto a low protein or prescription renal care diets. Because phosphorus and calcium bind together, in some cases restricting calcium intake is also recommended.

In all cases of hyperphosphatemia, the underlying cause must be found and correctly treated to have the best outcome for your dog.

Recovery and Management of Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs

Bloodwork is recommended at regular intervals in patients that have experienced frequent episodes of hyperphosphatemia or have a disease that causes hyperphosphatemia.Once diagnosed,it can be possible for theconditiontobe managed at home with medications including oral phosphate bindersorphosphate-restricted diets.

Dogs with acute cases of hyperphosphatemia that occur because of issues like vitamin D toxicity should recover fully after treatment with IV fluid therapy and use of medicationsfor bindingthe phosphorusand are unlikely to require lifelong, at home management.

Hyperphosphatemia in Dogs FAQs

What are high phosphorus levels in dogs?

A high phosphorus level in a dog means they have a disease that is interfering with the metabolism of phosphorus in their body, and it is causing phosphate levels to rise in the bloodstream. Diseases that could cause hyperphosphatemia include chronic renalfailure (CRF), intoxication, hypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and cancer.

Can high phosphorus levels in dogs be fatal?

High phosphorus levels and the diseases that cause them can be fatal if left untreated unless they are cases associated with young,growing animals.

Are some dogs predisposed to hyperphosphatemia?

Animals that are older with chronic renal failure are the most likely dogs to experience hyperphosphatemia. Juvenile animals are also prone to hyperphosphatemia because of phosphoruss role in helping with bone growth and development. Cases of juvenile hyperphosphatemia tend to not be concerning for disease.

References

Veterinary Partner.Hyperphosphatemia.

MacIntire DK: Metabolic Derangements in Critical Patients. ACVIM 2003. https://eclinpath.com/chemistry/minerals/phosphate/

Featured Image: iStock.com/Andrii Borodai

WRITTEN BY

Heather Newett, MPH, DVM

Veterinarian

Heather is a practicing small animal veterinarian in Denver, CO. In her free time she enjoys hiking, horseback riding, and traveling to new...

Pet Kidney Failure: Phosphorus Binders

Pet Kidney Disease affects thousands of dogs and cats each year. Because many pet medications offered for dogs and cats suffering with kidney failure can be confusing, and since online information often offers conflicting recommendations, here are some tips to help pet owners address their dog and cats kidney health.

One of the problems that is very common in pets with chronic kidney failure other than elevated BUN and Creatinine levels is Phosphorus and Calcium. This discussion will address binders available to reduce or lower elevated blood Phosphorus levels in dogs and cats with kidney disease.Calcium-based Pet Phosphorus Binders such as Phos-Lo and Tums are readily available and inexpensive.

But theyre not as effective as the pet Aluminum Hydroxide (ALOH) binders, because they require large dosesand they are not as safe. There is also the risk that supplementing Calcium in a dog or cat withChronic Kidney Failure can lead to serious problems such as excessively elevated blood Calcium levels,called Hypercalcemia.Hypercalcemia or high calcium in your pets blood, can lead to calcium deposits which are referred to by vets as soft tissue calcification. Calcium based stones like the one in the photograph below, can form in various areas of your pets body, including the urinary bladder, kidneys and heart.

Elevated Calcium can also cause pet kidney failure and pet cancer including kidney cancer and lymphoma cancerin dogs and cats.

Epikacin is an example of a calcium based phosphate binder, often prescribed for dogs and cats in kidney failure.

Epikacin/Ipakitine. Ipakitine has been marketed in Europe for some time and its twin product,Epikacin, is now being heavily marketed in the US as a pet nutritional supplement. Epikacin active binding ingredients are calcium carbonate and chitosan.

Tests have shown the calcium carbonate binders are inferior to the aluminum-based binders.Several well-known veterinary researchers that study Pet Chronic KidneyFailure in dogs and cats advise that Epikacinshould not be used in dogs or cats with high normal or elevated calcium due to the risk of throwing such pets into hypercalcemia by adding calcium carbonateto their daily medications.

World renowned veterinarian, Dr. Larry Nagode, DVM, PhD., of the Ohio State University,College of Veterinary Medicine advises that Epikacinshould not be used with cats or dogs that currently receive Calcitriol nor in any cats or dogs that may need to take Calcitriol in the future, again because of the risk of hypercalcemia.

Epikacin is being marketed directly to vets and more as a pet kidney protectorate/preventive than as atreatment for pets in kidney failure with elevated phosphorus.

Some pet owners have reported that Epikacin seemed to have helped their pets appetite and energy, however none of these pets had elevated phosphorus.

Epikacin dosage recommendation are based on the pets weight alone at 1 gram/5 kilograms of body weight given by mouth in the morningand the evening mixed with food. Note that the dosage is given without regard to the pets actual phosphorus levels.

This further suggests that Epikacin is intended for pets in early stages of kidney failure and/or pets in chronic kidney failure withnormal phosphorus levels. For pets in chronic kidney failure, Epikacin dosage would normally beadjusted based on the blood phosphorus values.

Epikacin is expensive. The tworetail sources currently online charge $19.99 for 50 grams and $49.99for 150 grams. One correspondent reported purchasing this from her US vet for $100 for 150 grams!

Epikacin is an Over-the-counter pet supplement. The manufacturer, however, is marketed primarily toveterinarians and some vendors may insist on a veterinary prescription.

Dr. Carols Tip: Epikacin may be worth a try for pets in early stages of kidney failure that doNOT have elevated phosphorus. Once your pets phosphorus levels are elevated to values above 6,aluminum-based phosphorus binders are more effective in bringing phosphorus levels down quickly.

Please be aware that Epikacin is the only pet phosphorus binder currently being marketed directly toUnited States Veterinarians for resale to their clients.Some clinics may offer Epikacin because they profit from it and/orbecause its the only phosphorus binder of which they are aware.

Furthermore, Epikacin is very costly especially when you consider what it contains. The primary ingredients in Epikacin are all inexpensive.Epikacin contains lactose, calcium carbonate and chitosan, therefore most of the products cost ismarketing and profit!

Author:Dr. Carol Osborne

https://www.chagrinfallspetclinic.com/

Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic with Dr. Carol Osborne. Located in Chagrin Falls, Ohio at 530 East Washington Street. Chagrin Falls Veterinary Center & Pet Clinic is operated by Veterinarian & Pet Celebrity Dr. Carol Osborne, the Integrative Pet Wellness Center offers traditional & natural alternative pet health products & therapies for dogs & cats.

Raw Diet For Dogs With Kidney Disease Is It Really Work?

Pet owners who are navigating the challenges of kidney disease in their dogs often explore alternative dietary strategies, as they seek to provide the highest level of care for their pets.

In recent times, the raw diet has gained traction for its potential benefits in supporting canine health.

In this concise blog post, well explore the raw diet for dogs with kidney disease, the nutritional nuances required for their well-being, and the advantages of incorporating a thoughtfully designed raw diet.

Key Takeaways

• Raw diets offer biologically appropriate, minimally processed ingredients for optimal canine nutrition.
• Regular consultations with a veterinarian are vital to tailor the raw diet based on the dogs unique needs.
• A well-curated raw diet may contribute to better kidney function in dogs with kidney disease.
• Recognizing each dogs uniqueness ensures the raw diet aligns with specific health requirements.
• Successful raw diet implementation involves collaboration between pet parents and veterinarians, fostering overall vitality and happiness in dogs.

What is Actually Kidney Disease and Renal Failure?

Our furry companions, like humans, can face health challenges, and one common concern is kidney disease.

To comprehend this condition better, lets break down what kidney disease and renal failure mean for our beloved pets.

Kidney Disease in Dogs: The Basics

The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining a dogs overall health. These kidney-shaped organs filter waste and surplus fluids from the bloodstream, maintain electrolyte levels, and generate urine.

According to PetMD, when a dog experiences kidney disease, it means that these vital functions are disrupted, impacting their well-being.

Kidney disease in dogs can be either acute or chronic. Acute kidney disease often occurs suddenly, often due to ingesting toxins, infections, or other sudden factors.

Chronic kidney disease, on the other hand, develops over time and is often associated with aging or long-term health issues.

Renal Failure: Understanding the Term

According to the American Kennel Club, renal failure, a term often used interchangeably with kidney failure, refers to the kidneys inability to perform their essential functions adequately.

This failure can be partial (known as renal insufficiency) or complete, depending on the extent of the damage.

In cases of kidney disease, the organs may lose their ability to filter waste efficiently, leading to a buildup of harmful substances in the bloodstream.

Additionally, the kidneys ability to concentrate urine, regulate blood pressure, and balance electrolytes may be compromised.

Common Causes of Kidney Disease

Various factors can contribute to kidney disease in dogs.

These include:

• Age: Older dogs are more susceptible to chronic kidney disease.
• Genetics: Certain breeds may be predisposed to kidney issues.
• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the kidneys.
• Toxins: Ingesting certain substances, plants, or medications can harm the kidneys.

Understanding the root cause of kidney disease is crucial in determining the appropriate treatment and management strategies.

Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Dogs:

Kidney disease in dogs can present itself subtly, making it crucial for pet owners to be vigilant about potential signs and symptoms.

Early detection allows for timely veterinary intervention, improving the prognosis and quality of life for your furry friend.

Here are key signs and symptoms to watch for:

• Increased urination frequency
• Difficulty urinating or straining
• Decreased urine production
• Increased thirst (polydipsia)
• Drinking more water than usual
• Loss of appetite (anorexia)
• Weight loss
• Lethargy and weakness
• Persistent vomiting
• Diarrhea, possibly with blood
• Uremic breath (ammonia-like odor)
• Mouth ulcers and sores
• Poor coat condition
• Changes in behavior (depression or irritability)
• Swelling, especially around the face, paws, or abdomen
• Altered body temperature (fever or hypothermia)
• Changes in breathing (increased rate or difficulty)

If you notice any of these signs, seek prompt veterinary attention for proper diagnosis and tailored treatment.

Best Dog Food For Kidney Disease

When your beloved canine companion is diagnosed with kidney disease, providing the right nutrition becomes paramount to support their overall health and well-being.

Selecting the best dog food for kidney disease involves understanding the unique dietary needs of your furry friend during this challenging time.

Key Considerations for Dog Food Selection:

• Low Phosphorus Content: Dogs with kidney disease often struggle to process phosphorus efficiently. Opt for dog foods specifically formulated with reduced phosphorus levels to alleviate stress on the kidneys.
• High-Quality Protein: While it may seem counterintuitive, dogs with kidney disease still need protein for muscle maintenance. However, the source and quality matter. Look for dog foods with easily digestible, high-quality protein sources, such as lean meats or eggs.
• Limited Sodium: Kidneys help regulate electrolytes, including sodium. Choosing dog food with limited sodium content helps manage blood pressure and reduces the workload on the kidneys.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Incorporating omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish oils, can be beneficial for dogs with kidney disease. These acids support overall health, reduce inflammation, and contribute to a shiny coat.
• Hydration Support: Dogs with kidney disease may struggle with dehydration. Wet or canned dog food can provide extra moisture, aiding in hydration. Additionally, consider adding water to dry kibble to increase fluid intake.
• Prescription Diets: Consult with your veterinarian about prescription diets tailored for kidney support. These specialized formulations are designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of dogs with kidney disease.

Homemade and Raw Diet Considerations:

While some pet owners explore homemade or raw diets for dogs with kidney disease, its crucial to approach these with caution.

Raw diets, if not properly balanced, can pose risks. Always consult your veterinarian before making significant dietary changes.

When a furry friend faces the challenges of kidney disease, pet parents often seek optimal dietary solutions to support their health.

The concept of a raw diet, with its focus on unprocessed and biologically appropriate ingredients, has gained popularity.

Lets delve into creating the best raw diet for dogs with kidney disease, keeping their specific nutritional needs in mind.

1. Lean Protein Sources:

Prioritize lean protein to provide essential amino acids without overburdening the kidneys.

Opt for sources like lean cuts of chicken, turkey, or beef, ensuring they are served in appropriate portions.

2. Limited Phosphorus Intake:

Kidneys struggle to process phosphorus efficiently in cases of kidney disease.

Choose meats with lower phosphorus content, such as chicken breasts, and balance with other low-phosphorus ingredients.

3. Healthy Fats:

Incorporate moderate amounts of healthy fats, like omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil.

Fats support overall health, contribute to a shiny coat, and aid in managing inflammation.

4. Carbohydrates:

Include easily digestible carbohydrates like sweet potatoes or pumpkin.

Carbs provide energy and nutrients while being gentle on the digestive system.

5. Hydration Emphasis:

Dogs with kidney disease are prone to dehydration.

Add moisture to the diet through wet food or by mixing water into dry kibble to support hydration.

6. Limited Sodium:

Opt for low-sodium ingredients to assist in managing blood pressure and reducing stress on the kidneys.

7. Customized Meal Plans:

Work closely with your veterinarian to tailor a raw diet that suits your dogs specific health needs.

Regular monitoring and adjustments may be necessary to ensure the diet aligns with your dogs changing health status.

8. Monitor Protein Quality:

While some reduction in protein is commonly advised for kidney disease, focus on high-quality, easily digestible protein sources.

Quality matters more than quantity, and ensuring a balance is crucial.

9. Gradual Transition:

Gradually introduce the raw diet, giving your dogs digestive system time to acclimate.

Monitor for any adverse reactions and consult your veterinarian if needed.

10. Professional Guidance:

Seek professional advice from a veterinary nutritionist or your regular vet to ensure your raw diet plan is comprehensive and suitable for your dogs individual health requirements.

Remember, every dog is unique, and their nutritional needs may vary.

While a thoughtfully crafted raw diet can be beneficial, its essential to work hand-in-hand with your veterinarian to create a plan that fosters your furry friends health and happiness in the face of kidney disease.

Remove the most common causes of kidney in dogs

Ensuring your canine companions kidney health involves simple yet effective measures:

• Hydration: Provide constant access to fresh water.
• Nutrition: Feed a balanced, age-appropriate diet to prevent dietary imbalances.
• Monitor Salt Intake: Avoid high-sodium treats and foods.
• Regular Exercise: Encourage physical activity to maintain a healthy weight.
• Vet Check-ups: Schedule routine visits for early issue detection.
• Avoid Toxins: Keep the environment toxin-free.
• Dental Care: Brush teeth regularly to prevent infections.
• Responsible Medication Use: Administer prescribed medications only.
• Manage Chronic Conditions: Control pre-existing conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
• Minimize Stress: Provide a stress-free environment.

Taking these steps helps prevent kidney problems and ensures a happy, healthy life for your furry friend.

What Foods Should a Dog With Kidney Disease Avoid?

When your furry friend is diagnosed with kidney disease, dietary considerations become pivotal in managing their health. Certain foods can exacerbate kidney issues by placing additional strain on these vital organs.

Heres a guide on foods to avoid when caring for a dog with kidney disease:

1. High-Phosphorus Foods:

Phosphorus can be challenging for compromised kidneys to process. Avoid foods rich in phosphorus, including certain cuts of meat, organ meats, and high-phosphorus grains.

2. Excessive Proteins:

While protein is essential, excessive amounts can be taxing on compromised kidneys. Limit the intake of high-protein foods such as red meat, organic meats, and some dairy products.

3. Foods High in Sodium:

Sodium can contribute to elevated blood pressure and worsen kidney issues. Steer clear of high-sodium foods like processed meats, canned soups, and salty snacks.

4. Dairy Products:

Dairy can be high in phosphorus and proteins, so its advisable to restrict or avoid cheese, milk, and other dairy items.

5. High-Potassium Foods:

Elevated potassium levels can be problematic for dogs with kidney disease. Avoid foods like bananas, oranges, and potatoes, which are rich in potassium.

6. Foods with Added Phosphates:

Processed foods often contain added phosphates, which can be harmful to dogs with compromised kidneys. Check labels and avoid products with phosphates or phosphoric acid.

7. Certain Fruits and Vegetables:

While some fruits and vegetables are beneficial, others may be high in phosphorus or potassium. Limit or avoid tomatoes, oranges, and other high-potassium fruits.

8. High-Fat Foods:

High-fat diets can contribute to pancreatitis, which may worsen the condition of a dog with kidney disease. Limit fatty meats and greasy treats.

9. Foods with Artificial Additives:

Processed foods with artificial additives and preservatives can stress the kidneys. Opt for whole, natural foods whenever possible.

10. Bones and Rawhides:

While bones and rawhides are popular treats, they can be hard to digest and may lead to gastrointestinal issues. In dogs with kidney disease, avoiding potential complications is crucial.

11. High-Sugar Treats:

Treats with high sugar content can contribute to weight gain and may have other adverse effects. Choose low-sugar or natural treats instead.

12. Alcohol and Caffeine:

Alcohol and caffeine can be toxic to dogs and should be strictly avoided. These substances can pose additional risks to dogs with kidney disease.

Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the most suitable dietary plan for your dog with kidney disease.

Your vet can provide personalized guidance based on your pets specific health status, ensuring a tailored approach to nutrition that supports their overall well-being.

FAQs

1. Is low-phosphorus dog food important for kidney failure?

According to the WebMD, Absolutely. Dogs with kidney failure struggle to process phosphorus effectively. Low-phosphorus dog food helps ease the strain on their kidneys and supports overall kidney function.

2. Why Avoid Prescription Kidney Diets?

Prescription kidney diets are often recommended by veterinarians for dogs with kidney issues. However, its essential to consult your vet before making any dietary changes.

Some pet owners choose to avoid prescription diets due to individual preferences or concerns about their dogs acceptance.

3. Can my dog eat renal dog food for kidney disease and problems?

According to the VCA Animal Hospital, Yes, specialized renal dog food formulated for kidney support can be beneficial.

These diets are designed to manage specific nutritional requirements for dogs with kidney disease. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the most suitable option for your furry friend.

4. Is cat food bad for dogs kidneys?

According to PetMD, Yes, cat food is not suitable for dogs, especially those with kidney issues.

Cat food tends to be higher in protein and fat, which may not align with the dietary needs of dogs, particularly those with kidney disease. Stick to dog-specific foods for optimal health.

5. What vegetables are good for dogs with kidney disease?

According to the American Kennel Club, Vegetables like carrots, green beans, and sweet potatoes are generally good choices for dogs with kidney disease.

These provide essential nutrients without contributing to excessive phosphorus levels. Always consult your vet to ensure the veggies align with your dogs dietary needs.

6. Do I need to reduce protein for my dog with kidney disease?

While dogs with kidney disease require a balanced protein intake, the quality of protein matters more than the quantity.

Opt for easily digestible, high-quality protein sources and consult your vet to determine the appropriate protein level for your dogs specific condition.

7. Is low sodium important when my dog has kidney disease?

Yes, low sodium is crucial for dogs with kidney disease. Sodium affects blood pressure and electrolyte balance, and reducing sodium intake can help manage these aspects, lessening the workload on the kidneys.

Always consider low-sodium options in your dogs diet, with guidance from your veterinarian.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a raw diet for dogs with kidney disease holds promise in supporting their health, offering benefits like improved kidney function and overall vitality.

However, its crucial to work closely with a veterinarian for a customized approach, considering factors like protein quality and nutrient balance.

The collaborative effort between pet parents and veterinary professionals ensures a tailored and effective dietary plan for each unique canine companion.

By making informed choices and prioritizing regular check-ups, we can contribute to our furry friends well-being, providing them with a foundation for a vibrant and happy life.