kidney failure dog when to euthanize

When to Euthanize a Dog With Kidney Failure

Deciding when to euthanize a dog with kidney failure is one of the most heartbreaking and important decisions a dog guardian will need to make. There are many ways we can support a dog with kidney failure, but ensuring we diagnose the problem as early as possible is vital for prolonged life. Unfortunately, kidney disease is often asymptomatic in its early stages. We need to be vigilant for any change in a dog's physicality or behavior which might imply they have renal disease. Once the problem has been diagnosed, we will need to work to manage the dog's symptoms to best ensure a long life expectancy for dogs with kidney disease.

At AnimalWised, we investigate when to euthanize a dog with kidney failure. We look at how we can delay this decision as long as possible with ways we can prolong the life expectancy of a dog with kidney failure.

Can a dog recover from kidney failure?

Recovery in dogs with renal failure is conditioned by its evolution. If the disease is mild or detected early, the animal can recover without sequelae based on specific and symptomatic medical treatment. If the condition is severe and it is diagnosed in its later stages, the animal's ability to recover will depend on the extent of the kidney damage.

In general, the ability of kidney tissue to repair itself is limited. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining essential bodily functions. While some regeneration of kidney tissue can occur, especially in response to minor injuries, the kidney's overall capacity for self-repair is limited compared to other tissues like the liver.

In cases of acute kidney failure (AKF), if the underlying cause is addressed promptly, some reversible damage may heal as the kidneys regain function. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs involves progressive and often irreversible damage to kidney tissue. This typically does not allow for full tissue repair. We will have to rely on managing the dog's symptoms and protecting the kidneys to ensure a longer life expectancy.

Another factor is the other health or lifestyle issues from which the dog might suffer. If the animal already has been weakened by previous pathologies and the condition is very serious, it is likely they will not be able to recover from kidney disease.

It is vital to emphasize that if symptoms related to kidney failure in dogs are observed, you need to take them to a trusted veterinarian as soon as possible.

What are the symptoms of kidney failure in dogs?

Also known as renal failure, Kidney failure in dogs can manifest in cute kidney failure (AKF) and chronic kidney failure (CKF). The symptoms may vary depending on the type and stage of kidney failure. The following are some common symptoms for both types:

Symptoms of acute kidney failure (AKF) in dogs

• Sudden and severe symptoms: AKF often comes on rapidly and severely.
• Decreased urination: dogs may urinate less or not at all.
• Vomiting and diarrhea: gastrointestinal issues are common.
• Lethargy: affected dogs are typically very weak and lethargic.
• Dehydration: dogs may show signs of extreme thirst and dry mucous membranes.
• Anorexia: a loss of appetite is common.
• Halitosis (bad breath): dogs may have a distinctive ammonia-like breath.
• Oral ulcers and stomatitis: mouth sores can occur.
• Neurological signs: seizures or disorientation may be observed.

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure (CKF) in dogs

• Gradual onset: CKF usually develops slowly over time.
• Increased urination and thirst: dogs may urinate more frequently and drink more water.
• Weight loss: progressive weight loss is common.
• Poor appetite: dogs may eat less or refuse food.
• Vomiting and nausea: gastrointestinal symptoms can occur.
• Lethargy: affected dogs may seem tired and weak.
• Oral ulcers: mouth sores or bad breath can develop.
• Dehydration: as CKF progresses, dehydration may occur.
• Poor coat and skin condition: dogs may have a dull coat and flaky skin.
• Ammonia breath: dogs may have breath that smells like ammonia.

It's important to note that these symptoms can be associated with various other health conditions, so a proper diagnosis by a veterinarian is essential. Since kidney disease can be degenerative, it is something which is considered a common health problem in older dogs. This means we should be extra vigilant if we are caring for a senior dog.

Learn more about neurological disorders in older dogs which can further complicate the clinical picture of kidney disease.

What is the life expectancy in dogs with kidney failure?

It is important to know that there is no exact way to calculate the life expectancy of a dog with kidney failure. This is very important to remember when considering when to euthanize a dog with kidney disease. We want to prolong their life, but we also want to ensure they have a certain quality of life which does not cause them undue suffering.

In general, dogs that are diagnosed with chronic kidney disease have an estimated 65% survival rate from the moment of diagnosis. Within this percentage, the average survival time is 226 days. However, it varies greatly depending on whether it is a case of kidney failure in elderly dogs or in a healthy animal without previous pathologies.

Another factor to take into account is the IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) classification of chronic kidney patients. Dogs in the stage IRIS IV (the most severe) are up to 5 times more likely to die than those in IRIS I. Some factors that improve the Prognosis are the use of a renal diet, good body condition, prescribed treatment for proteinuria and high blood pressure. The IRIS classification is as follows:

• IRIS I: creatinine and SDMA (symmetric dimethylarginine) values below the pathological level (1.4 and 18 respectively), there may be incontinence problems not related to the kidney, incidental findings on ultrasound or renal biopsies with lesions. Chronic kidney disease can be diagnosed early.
• IRIS II: creatinine and SDMA between 1.4-2.8 and 18-35, respectively. Clinical signs are usually mild or absent.
• IRIS III: 2.8-5 creatinine and 36-54 SDMA. There are clinical signs related to azotemia, but they can be very variable.
• IRIS IV: creatinine above 5 and SDMA above 54. Very marked systemic clinical signs and probably begins with uremic crises.

As we have mentioned, the life expectancy of a dog with stage IV kidney failure will be much shorter. We do insist it is not possible to indicate an exact lifespan. In cases of kidney failure in elderly dogs, it is advisable to establish a regular check-up schedule with the veterinarian in order to control the evolution of the disease.

How to increase the life expectancy of a dog with kidney failure?

As it is a progressive and irreversible disease, treatment will be aimed at relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life of our pet. Depending on the state of the animal, different guidelines can be proposed to improve their clinical picture. To the extent possible and depending on each particular case, these guidelines may increase life expectancy:

• Specific kidney feed: this feed contains essential amino acids, antioxidant agents and low concentrations of salts to facilitate the proper functioning of the kidney. Learn more with our homemade diet for dogs with kidney failure.
• Phosphorus binders: with the aim of reducing the concentration of phosphate in the blood.
• Sodium bicarbonate: in case of metabolic acidosis.
• Fluid therapy: to correct electrolyte imbalance. While we can help improve hydration at for the dog at home, IV fluid therapy will be performed in a clinical setting.
• Antiemetics, stomach protectors and antacids: these are a series of medications which can be used to reduce digestive symptoms.
• Vasodilators: with the aim of improving kidney function and reducing high blood pressure.

These guidelines will need to be discussed with a veterinarian who will set out a specific treatment plan and prescribe the corresponding medications. They may also change during the last days of kidney failure in dogs. During the terminal phase, they may have reduced appetite so you can give them any food they find appetizing. Keeping them hydrated is also very important since the dog may stop drinking water.

When to euthanize a dog with kidney failure

Deciding when to euthanize a dog with kidney failure is a difficult and highly personal decision. It's typically based on a combination of clinical signs, the dog's overall quality of life and the veterinarian's guidance. Here are some considerations and clinical signs that may lead to the decision for euthanasia:

• Quality of life: the most critical factor in making the decision is the dog's quality of life. You should assess whether your dog is suffering and if their condition is causing more harm than good.
• Clinical signs: veterinarians will consider the severity of clinical signs, which may include extreme weakness, loss of appetite, persistent vomiting, uncontrollable nausea, lethargy and other symptoms previously mentioned in this article.
• Response to treatment: if the dog is not responding to treatment or the disease has reached an advanced stage, euthanasia may be considered.
• Pain and suffering: dogs in kidney failure may experience pain and discomfort. If their suffering cannot be adequately managed with medication, it may be kinder to euthanize them. Learn more about how to recognize the signs of pain in dogs.
• Dehydration and malnutrition: if the dog's condition is causing severe dehydration or malnutrition, it can indicate a poor quality of life.
• Mobility and control: loss of mobility, inability to control bodily functions or signs of extreme distress can be significant factors.

• Veterinarian's assessment: your veterinarian's expertise is crucial. They will provide guidance based on their assessment of your dog's condition.
• Communication: maintain open communication with your veterinarian about your dog's condition, response to treatment and any concerns you may have.

Ultimately, the decision to euthanize a dog with kidney failure is made with the best interest of the pet in mind. It's essential to consult with your veterinarian to discuss your dog's individual case and to ensure the decision is made compassionately and in the dog's best interest. Euthanasia is often chosen when a dog's suffering becomes unbearable or if there is no reasonable hope for improvement in their quality of life.

Learn more with our article on what to expect with euthanasia in dogs.

This article is purely informative. AnimalWised does not have the authority to prescribe any veterinary treatment or create a diagnosis. We invite you to take your pet to the veterinarian if they are suffering from any condition or pain.

If you want to read similar articles to When to Euthanize a Dog With Kidney Failure, we recommend you visit our Other health problems category.

Bibliography

• Cortadellas, O., & Fernndez del Palacio, M. J. (2012). Diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats. Part 2: management of the patient with CKD. Small Animal Veterinary Clinic, 32(4).
• International Renal Interest Society. (2023). IRIS Staging of CKD (modified 2023). Retrieved from: https://www.iris-kidney.com/guidelines/staging.html
• International Renal Interest Society. (2023). Treatment recommendations for CKD in dogs. Retrieved from: http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS-DOG-Treatment_Recommendations_2023.pdf
• Lingaas, F., et al. (2023). Bayesian mixed model analysis uncovered 21 risk loci for chronic kidney disease in boxer dogs. PLoS Genetics, 19(1), e1010599.
• Polzin, D. J. (2017). Chapter 324. Chronic kidney disease.
• Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C., & Ct, E. (2016). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine-Inkling E-Book. Elsevier health sciences.

Dog Kidney Failure When To Euthanize

Dog Kidney Failure and When To Euthanise is something that you may eventually need to consider. The best way to keep your dog as healthy as possible is to recognise signs of illness and get ailments treated as soon as you can. Canine kidney failure is a common problem found in older dogs and can often go unnoticed for a long time before symptoms show. There are many treatments available when your dog has been diagnosed with this condition and once youve got all the facts about dog kidney failure when to euthanise youll know just what to expect.

1. What is Kidney Failure in Dogs?

Kidney failure in dogs, also known as chronic renal failure, is the inability of the kidneys to efficiently filter the blood of waste products. Most dogs with kidney failure produce large quantities of urine but the toxic wastes arent being eliminated. The disease progresses slowly and typically stems from being poisoned or ingesting some kind of toxin such as antifreeze.Acute kidney problems can include decreased blood flow or oxygen delivery to the kidneys as well as infection and urinary obstruction. Long-term kidney disease can cause kidney damage that isnt reversible. Medications such as antibiotics or chemotherapy drugs, cysts in the kidney, and birth defects can all be factors.

2. Dog Breeds Prone to Kidney Failure

Its important to note that kidney failure can also be caused by other factors such as age, diet, and underlying health conditions. While any dog can develop kidney failure, certain breeds are more prone to the condition:

• Labrador Retriever
• Cocker Spaniel
• Shar Pei
• Bull Terrier
• German Shepherd
• English Springer Spaniel
• Boxer
• Miniature Schnauzer
• Doberman Pinscher
• Bernese Mountain Dog
• Portuguese Water Dog
• Dalmatian
• Golden Retriever
• Shih Tzu
• Lhasa Apso
• Yorkshire Terrier

Some studies suggest that up to 30% of all Labrador Retrievers will develop kidney disease at some point in their lives. Up to 23% of all Cocker Spaniels were found to have some form of kidney disease. While the reasons for this arent entirely clear, its thought that genetics and high-protein diets may play a role.

3. Kidney Failure in Dogs Symptoms

If you notice any of the symptoms below in your dog, it is important to take them to the vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. One of the first symptoms of kidney failure is an increase in thirst alongside excessive urination as the kidneys are damaged the body uses more fluids. Other noticeable symptoms include:

• Pale, dry gums dull and dry to touch
• Mouth ulcers that are raw and painful
• Bloodshot eyes whites of the eyes are red
• Decreased appetite loss of interest in food
• Weight loss with gradual loss of fat and muscle mass
• Excessive shedding with a dull, lacklustre coat
• Lethargy with no interest in moving around
• Increased sleeping with only brief periods of wakefulness
• Vomiting unable to keep food down
• Breathing difficulties unable to breathe normally
• Loss of balance disoriented and clumsy
• Trembling with periodic seizures that are a major sign of kidney failure
• There are other symptoms that your vet will be able to test for and these include:
• Uraemia the build-up of waste products in the body
• Anaemia the lack of iron in the blood
• High blood pressure elevated due to the illness
• Slow heart rate a faster rate will turn to slow down during the end stage of kidney failure

4. Is Kidney Failure in Dogs Painful?

Yes, kidney failure in dogs can be painful. Kidney failure in dogs can be painful because the kidneys are responsible for filtering body waste and toxins. When they fail, these toxins build up in the bloodstream and can cause discomfort and pain.

5. Reasons for Kidney Failure in Dogs

Causes of canine kidney failure are wide-ranging and include the following:

• Hereditary and congenital conditions
• Ureteral obstruction
• Heart conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys resulting in failure
• Ethylene glycol found in antifreeze needing immediate treatment after ingestion
• Lyme disease carried by ticks can result in chronic kidney failure
• Ageing as chronic kidney failure can be related to the natural ageing process

6. How Can Kidney Problems Be Prevented?

To prevent kidney problems from poisoning ensure your dog does not have access to potentially dangerous substances and that she is supervised at all times when outside. Do not give your dog any over-the-counter medications without instruction from your vet, and ensure that your dog has access to plenty of water at all times. Proper oral hygiene helps to maintain good overall health.

7. Treatment

Nutrition plan: Although chronic kidney failure isnt curable treating the symptoms can reduce the progress of the disease. And providing the best-balanced diet according to age, weight, and size will help to prevent kidney problems. The vet will initially recommend a change in diet low sodium and low phosphorus may help in slowing down the progression of kidney failure. Natural supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil provide anti-inflammatory values that can reduce kidney inflammation and Vitamin B and C complexes can help replenish lost vitamins and increase appetites. Give your dog meals that are low in calories and high in fibre and vitamins. Make sure your dog always has access to fresh water. And eats regularly.What foods should a dog with kidney disease avoid? High protein treats such as deli meat, bread, and cheese.Medication: There are several medications that can be used to treat kidney failure in dogs, including ACE inhibitors, phosphorus binders, and erythropoietin. However, the specific medication and dosage will depend on the individual dogs condition and should be determined by the veterinarian. ACE inhibitors will help in reducing stress and improving the quality of life.Alternative treatments: Natural flower essences and regular acupuncture have proven to help slow the progression of kidney failure both are safe to use alongside conventional treatments.

8. What Happens if Kidney Problems Go Untreated?

Kidney problems can become life-threatening conditions requiring immediate hospitalization and treatment. If left untreated, end-stage kidney failure can occur, leading to a fatal outcome.

9. Keep Your Dog Comfortable

Your vet will discuss with you how to keep your dog comfortable after diagnosis of end-stage kidney failure. You can:Make sure your dogs bed is quiet, warm, and cosy with a blanket and toysSpend as much time with your dog as possible as this will bring company and calmSupervise interactions with others to ensure gentle playKeep your dog clean and dry, washing and brushing regularly

10. Life Expectancy for Dogs with Kidney Failure The Prognosis

The life expectancy for a dog with kidney failure can vary depending on the severity of the condition and how quickly it was diagnosed and how your dog responds to the initial treatment. With proper management and treatment, some dogs can live for several months to a few years after diagnosis. However, in severe cases, the prognosis may be poor and the dog may only have a few weeks to live. It is important to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan and monitor your dogs condition closely. Proper follow-up care can also extend the length of life. You need to be part of all decisions that are made after diagnosis and regarding treatment. If your dog is in pain constantly, stops eating and drinking, or experiences incontinence due to complete kidney failure, you may need to consider putting your dog to sleep. When your dog stops responding to treatment this is another reason for letting go.

11. Last Days of a Dog with Kidney Failure Common Signs

Common signs that a dog may be entering their final days include:

• Lethargy: Dogs become very lethargic, sleeping a lot and appearing disconnected.
• Decreased Appetite: their appetite diminishes or is completely absent, and they may show signs of nausea.
• Behavior Changes: they may exhibit confusion, wandering aimlessly, staring at walls, or avoiding human touch.
• Cognitive Dysfunction: Cognitive function can be affected as toxins build up in the bloodstream, similar to dementia in older dogs.
• Decreased activity level, difficulty breathing, or labored breathing
• Additionally, they may suffer from dehydration and secondary infections due to their weakened state.
• Rapid Progression: End-stage kidney failure may develop gradually or happen suddenly. It is crucial to keep your vet informed about any changes in the dogs behaviour and habits.

If symptoms are severe and ongoing, it may be a compassionate choice to consider gentle at-home euthanasia.

12. When is the Right Time to Euthanise?

After all treatments for kidney failure have been tried and your dog is getting worse you may need to talk to your vet about Dog euthanasia. There are signs that your dog is really in distress when the pain is constant when you are unable to soothe, and when eating and drinking stops. If your dog is suffering from incontinence and all the fight has gone youll know this is the right time.If you still have doubts, you should look to the future and assess your dogs quality of life. When the end is near, your care and attention will make all the difference to your dog. You can take comfort in the knowledge that you were there when your dog needed you most.

13. Gentle At-home Euthanasia

Youll need the advice and support of trained and qualified vets to get you through these last few days. Cloud 9 Vets will make sure you get all the help you need. With years of experience in helping families and their pets, they understandhow anxious, guilty, and incredibly sad you may feel.Youll have comfort by the fact that your dog will be in familiar surroundings for the procedure, removing the of you taking your dog to the surgery. Youll be able to hold your dogs paw and provide comfort until the very end.

Dog euthanasia involves two injections the first gentle pinprick will cause your dog to drift off to sleep within 15 minutes. The vet will administer the second injection either intravenously through a vein in the front leg or by an intravenous catheter into the back leg.You can ask your Cloud 9 Vet to take care of the cremation on your behalf or you can make your own arrangements and contact the crematorium yourself. You will have time to decide on the type of service you want for your dog.

14. Dealing with the Loss of Your Dog

If you get in touch with qualified bereavement counsellors after your dog has gone, you may find that this helps. Grief affects everyone differently and you might need extra support to get your life back on track. Grieving the loss of a beloved pet is an important part of your recovery and even little things can trigger an emotional response. There isnt an exact formula but you should prepare yourself to experience denial, anger, guilt, depression, and finally acceptance.Creating a memorial for your dog can also be therapeutic. Discuss the options with your family and friends to see which works best for you. Its important to do something that helps you remember your dog and process your grief.