kidney disease and seizures in dogs
Seizures in Dogs
A seizure is caused by a sudden surge of uncontrollable electrical activity within the brain. Exactly where in the brain that electrical activity occurs and how much of the brain is involved determines what pet parents witness when a dog has a seizure.
Dogs who are having seizures need veterinary attention. Left untreated, seizures tend to get worse, which can lead to permanent neurological damage or death. But with appropriate care, many dogs who have seizures can live long and happy lives.
Seeing your dog shake or have any type of seizure is scary, and in the moment, you probably dont know what to do to help. This guide will explain what a seizure looks like, the types and causes of seizures, what to do if your dog has one, and how they are treated.
Seizures vs. Tremors vs. Shivering
Sometimes what looks like a seizure may not be a seizure at all. Its easy to mistake muscle tremors or even shivering for seizures in dogs, because they can all involve uncontrollable muscle movements.
Evaluating a dogs mental status will sometimes, not always, help you differentiate between seizures and muscle tremors or shivering.
When a dog experiences muscle tremors or shivering, they are still fully aware of their surroundings. Most types of seizures, however, will affect a dogs ability to sense and respond to the world around them. They may be unconscious, just seem out of it, or anything in between.
However, some types of seizures dont affect a dogs mental status, which makes them difficult to diagnose. If you can, take a video of your dog during one of their episodes and show it to your veterinarian. This will help the doctor figure out what is going on.
Types of Dog Seizures
So, what are dog seizure symptoms? That depends on the type of seizure the dog is experiencinggeneralized or partial.
Generalized Seizures
When most of a dogs brain is affected by abnormal electrical activity, they will experience generalized seizures. This is what people usually picture when they think of seizures. Generalized seizures can be divided into three phases:
Pre-ictal phase (aura): Before the seizure, many dogs seem to experience what is commonly known as an aura. People who have seizures often describe unusual sights, smells, or other sensations in the seconds or minutes before a seizure. Dogs probably experience something similar and may become restless, exhibit unusual behaviors, or stare vacantly into the distance.
Ictal phase: This is the seizure itself.
Dogs usually experience tonic-clonic (also called grand mal) seizures and have the following symptoms:
They are completely unaware of their surroundings.
They fall over and become stiff.
They paddle their limbs.
They may urinate or defecate.
Its also possible for dogs to experience these types of seizures:
Generalized tonic seizures (stiffness without paddling)
Generalized clonic seizures (paddling without stiffness)
Generalized seizures without stiffness or paddling (sometimes called petit mal seizures), during which they simply lose consciousness for a period of time
Post-ictal phase: After the seizure has ended, dogs will go through a post-ictal phase when they can be dull, lethargic, restless, unsteady on their feet, or even temporarily blind. The post-ictal phase usually lasts for a few minutes to a few hours, with longer and more severe seizures usually leading to a longer and more dramatic post-ictal phase.
Partial Seizures
Unlike generalized seizures, partial seizures involve abnormal electrical activity in just one or a few parts of the brain. Dogs experiencing partial seizures often exhibit unusual movements that are limited to a specific part of their body. For example, one leg may kick repeatedly, or they may have signs like lip licking or fly biting (snapping at the air).
The terms focal or partial motor seizure may be used to describe the situation if the dog doesnt seem to experience any mental changes during the seizure. Partial seizures that do involve a change in awareness are sometimes called complex partial seizures or psychomotor seizures.
Dogs can have pre-ictal and post-ictal phases with partial seizures, but the signs tend to be milder than those associated with generalized seizures.
What Causes Seizures in Dogs?
Many health problems can lead to seizures in dogs, including:
Cancer affecting the brain
Head trauma
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Liver disease
Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels)
Kidney failure
Low blood oxygen levels
Lead toxicity
Organophosphate toxicity
Antifreeze poisoning
Hydrocephalus (buildup of fluids in brain cavities)
Heatstroke
These are just some of the underlying causes of seizures in dogs. But when dogs have reoccurring seizures and a thorough health workup doesnt identify an underlying cause, veterinarians will usually diagnose them with primary epilepsy.
Some causes of seizures are more common at certain life stages than others. For example, hydrocephalus and hypoglycemia typically affect puppies, while brain cancer is more commonly diagnosed in older pets. Dogs with primary epilepsy usually first develop seizures when they are 1-4 years old.
Are Certain Dog Breeds More at Risk for Seizures?
The reasons why some dogs develop primary epilepsy are not fully understood, but genetics is certainly involved. Any dog can have seizures, but the following breeds are at a higher-than-average risk for developing primary epilepsy:
What To Do When a Dog Has a Seizure
If you think your dog is having a seizure, the first step you need to take is the hardestdont panic! Most seizures only last for a minute or so and dont cause any long-term damage. But there are times when seizures can be dangerous. Get to a veterinarian immediately if your dog experiences any of the following:
A seizure that lasts longer than 5-10 minutes
Seizures that cluster together and dont give the dog enough time to recover in between
More than two seizures in 24 hours
During the seizure, simply remove anything from your dogs surroundings that might pose a risk (a lamp that might be knocked over, for example) and let the seizure run its course. If your dog is in a risky situation, like at the top of the stairs or in the street, try to gently move them to a safer spot.
Dont put anything in your dogs mouth, because you may inadvertently make it hard for them to breathe. Honey, maple syrup, or sugar water will help dogs only if they are having seizures due to low blood sugar levels.
After the seizure is over, keep your dog in a safe area and monitor them until they come out of their post-ictal phase. Once they are steady on their feet and are mostly back to normal, you can give them a little water and take them outside for a potty break. Wait a bit longer before you offer some food.
How Vets Find the Cause of Your Dogs Seizures
Dogs that have had a seizure for the first time should be seen by a veterinarian. The doctor will need to look for any underlying health problems that could have caused the seizure.
The diagnostic process for seizures starts with a thorough health history, a physical examination, and a neurological examination. This will probably be followed by bloodwork, a urinalysis, and a fecal exam.
Depending on the results, the veterinarian may also recommend specialized laboratory tests, taking a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis, or an MRI or CT scan.
Treatments for Dogs With Seizures
Whenever possible, veterinarians will prescribe treatments for any underlying health problems causing the seizures. But when seizures continue or when a dog has been diagnosed with primary epilepsy, anti-seizure medications may be necessary. In general, veterinarians will prescribe medications to control seizures when dogs have:
Seizures more frequently than every 4-6 weeks
Seizures that last longer than 5 minutes or so
Seizures that cluster together
Required hospitalization for seizures
Many medications can help reduce the severity and frequency of seizures in dogs. Phenobarbital and potassium bromide are two relatively inexpensive first-line treatments.
If those are ineffective, veterinarians can prescribe other anti-seizure medications such as zonisamide (Zonegran), levetiracetam (Keppra), gabapentin (Neurontin), and pregabalin (Lyrica). Sometimes anti-seizure medications can be combined for better effect.
Veterinarians may also prescribe diazepam (Valium) or similar medications to be given on an emergency basis if a dog experiences a severe seizure.
Dogs with primary epilepsy or those that continue to have seizures despite treating underlying diseases often need to take anti-seizure medications for the rest of their lives.
The goal of treatment isnt necessarily to eliminate seizures. It may be better to reduce seizures to a level where they dont interfere with a dogs quality of life and to minimize medication side effects, like sedation or increased thirst and urination.
Your veterinarian will need to regularly monitor your dogs drug levels and bloodwork to ensure that treatment is as safe and effective as possible. Its also a good idea to keep a seizure diary at home, so you can quickly note trends in seizure frequency and severity.
Featured Image: iStock/gradyreese
Kidney Failure And Seizures In Dogs
[ad_1]Kidney failure and seizures are two serious health issues that can affect dogs, and when they occur together, it can be especially concerning for pet owners. Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly and filter waste products from the blood. Seizures, on the other hand, are sudden, uncontrolled bursts of electrical activity in the brain that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild twitching to full-blown convulsions.
When a dog experiences both kidney failure and seizures, it can be a complex and challenging situation to manage. In this article, we will explore the relationship between kidney failure and seizures in dogs, including common trends, concerns, and answers related to the topic.
Trends:
1. Increased Risk with Age: Older dogs are more likely to develop kidney failure and seizures, as these conditions are often associated with the natural aging process.
2. Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Cocker Spaniels, German Shepherds, and Doberman Pinschers, may be more prone to developing kidney failure and seizures.
3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins, such as antifreeze or certain medications, can increase the risk of kidney failure and seizures in dogs.
4. Underlying Health Conditions: Dogs with pre-existing health issues, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, are more susceptible to developing kidney failure and seizures.
5. Nutritional Deficiencies: Poor diet and lack of essential nutrients can contribute to kidney failure and seizures in dogs.
6. Medication Side Effects: Some medications used to treat other health conditions can have adverse effects on the kidneys and brain, leading to seizures.
7. Genetic Factors: In some cases, genetic predisposition can play a role in the development of kidney failure and seizures in dogs.
Quotes from Professionals:
1. Managing kidney failure and seizures in dogs requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the underlying causes and the symptoms. Its important to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your dogs individual needs. Veterinarian
2. Nutrition plays a key role in supporting kidney function and overall health in dogs with kidney failure and seizures. A diet that is low in phosphorus and high in quality protein can help to reduce the strain on the kidneys and minimize the risk of seizures. Veterinary Nutritionist
3. Seizures in dogs with kidney failure can be particularly challenging to control, as the underlying kidney disease can complicate the management of epilepsy. Its essential to monitor your dog closely and report any changes in seizure activity to your veterinarian. Veterinary Neurologist
4. Regular monitoring of kidney function through blood tests and urine analysis is crucial for dogs with kidney failure and seizures. Early detection of changes in kidney function can help to guide treatment decisions and improve the long-term prognosis. Veterinary Internal Medicine Specialist
Common Concerns and Answers:
1. Can kidney failure cause seizures in dogs?
Yes, kidney failure can lead to electrolyte imbalances, high blood pressure, and toxins build-up in the body, which can trigger seizures in dogs.
2. How are kidney failure and seizures diagnosed in dogs?
Diagnosis of kidney failure and seizures in dogs typically involves blood tests, urine analysis, imaging studies, and neurological examinations.
3. What are the treatment options for kidney failure and seizures in dogs?
Treatment may include medications to control seizures, dietary management, fluid therapy, and in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation.
4. Can kidney failure and seizures be prevented in dogs?
While some factors, such as age and genetics, cannot be controlled, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and preventive veterinary care can help reduce the risk of kidney failure and seizures.
5. Are seizures in dogs with kidney failure life-threatening?
Seizures can be life-threatening if not properly managed, especially in dogs with underlying kidney disease. Its essential to seek prompt veterinary care if your dog experiences seizures.
6. How can I support my dog with kidney failure and seizures at home?
Provide a quiet and safe environment for your dog, monitor their water intake and urine output, and follow your veterinarians recommendations for medication and dietary management.
7. Can kidney failure and seizures be cured in dogs?
While there is no cure for kidney failure or seizures, with proper management and treatment, many dogs can lead a good quality of life despite these conditions.
8. Are there any alternative therapies that can help dogs with kidney failure and seizures?
Some pet owners may explore alternative treatments, such as acupuncture or herbal supplements, but its essential to consult with a veterinarian before trying any alternative therapies.
9. How often should a dog with kidney failure and seizures see the veterinarian?
Regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for monitoring your dogs condition and adjusting treatment as needed. Your veterinarian will recommend a schedule based on your dogs individual needs.
10. Can stress trigger seizures in dogs with kidney failure?
Stress can be a trigger for seizures in some dogs, so its important to create a calm and predictable environment for your pet to help reduce the risk of seizure activity.
11. Are there any warning signs that my dogs kidney failure is worsening?
Signs of worsening kidney failure may include increased thirst and urination, decreased appetite, weight loss, lethargy, and changes in behavior. Contact your veterinarian if you notice any of these symptoms.
12. Should I restrict my dogs activity if they have kidney failure and seizures?
Moderate exercise is beneficial for dogs with kidney failure, but its essential to avoid strenuous activity that could increase the risk of seizures. Consult with your veterinarian for guidance on an appropriate exercise plan.
13. Can medications for seizures affect kidney function in dogs?
Some medications used to control seizures can have side effects on the kidneys, so its important to work closely with your veterinarian to monitor your dogs kidney function while on these medications.
14. How can I help my dog feel more comfortable during a seizure?
During a seizure, its important to remain calm and ensure your dog is in a safe place. Avoid touching your dogs mouth or head and speak softly to provide reassurance until the seizure passes.
15. What is the prognosis for dogs with kidney failure and seizures?
The prognosis for dogs with kidney failure and seizures can vary depending on the underlying causes, the severity of the conditions, and how well they respond to treatment. With proper care and management, many dogs can live a good quality of life despite these challenges.
In conclusion, kidney failure and seizures in dogs are complex conditions that require careful management and monitoring to ensure the best possible outcomes for our furry friends. By staying informed, working closely with veterinary professionals, and providing loving care and support, pet owners can help their dogs navigate these health challenges with resilience and grace. Remember, your veterinarian is your best ally in the fight against kidney failure and seizures, so dont hesitate to reach out for guidance and support along the way.[ad_2]
