can you help a dog with kidney failure
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in Dogs
What Is Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs?
Chronic renal failure (CRF), renal insufficiency, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are all medical terms used to describe the same condition. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to perform their required tasks at the same level of efficiency as before.
Dogs have two kidneys located on either side of their abdomen, that play a vital role in filtering waste from the body. Additionally, the kidneys serve to regulate fluid, mineral, and electrolyte balance; conserve water and protein; and play an important role in maintaining blood pressure and red blood cell production by making a hormone called erythropoietin.
Dogs cannot survive without their kidneys, and unfortunately, kidney transplants are yet to be a viable solution. Dialysis (a treatment for failing kidneys including the removal of waste) is often expensive and is extremely rare in dogs. However, early diagnosis and intervention is key to help maintain your dogs quality of life.
Once diagnosed, CRF is then classified into four different stages based on severity of clinical signs and laboratory values:
Stage I: Clinical signs usually not apparent
Stage II: Some clinical signs noted
Stage III: Many clinical signs noted, and pets often feel sick
Stage IV: Majority of clinical signs noted, pets often present as a crisis
Causes of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
The term chronic in chronic renal failure means that the process has been ongoing, is progressive, and unfortunately, cannot be reversed. For some dogs, the disease could have occurred after a serious kidney injury such as from a severe infection (i.e., leptospirosis, pyelonephritis) or ingestion of a toxic substance such as anti-freeze, grapes, or raisins, and certain antibiotics.
For others, it could be inherited, such as with glomerular disease (a specific type of renal kidney disease) and amyloidosis (a rare organ disease) as seen in breeds like the Bernese Mountain Dog and Shar-pei.
For others, it could be attributed to underlying immune-mediated diseases, stroke-like events, or even from clotting disorders. In cases for newly diagnosed dogs the underlying cause will likely remain unknown.
Symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
Clinical signs are often related to the severity of the CRF stage, meaning there are additional and more severe signs noted with stages III and IV than there are with stages I and II. Dogs often exhibit symptoms including:
Foul breath
Weight loss
Decreased appetite
Some dogs may show muscle wasting and signs attributed to high blood pressure, such as vision loss and weakness.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
CRF is often diagnosed based on routine blood work and a urinalysis looking specifically at kidney markers such as:
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): A by-product of protein metabolism, higher values can often indicate kidney failure
Creatinine (CREA): Measures how well kidneys are filtering waste from blood
Phosphorous: Elevated phosphorus levels typically indicate kidney damage
Electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, chloride)
Calcium
Red blood cell count: A low red blood cell count may indicate kidney failure
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA): An additional test to help determine if kidney disease is present; it can be used for early detection of kidney disease
Urine specific gravity: A marker of how diluted or concentrated the urine is. Usually the higher the number, the more concentrated the urine is and the greater ability of the kidney to conserve water.
Your veterinarian will most likely recommend additional diagnostic testing, including:
A urine protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio to quantify how much protein is being lost in the urine
A urine culture, as dogs in CKD are more likely to acquire urinary tract infections
A blood pressure evaluation
Radiographs or abdominal ultrasound to screen for kidney stones or infarcts (areas of dead tissue)
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
Dogs with CRF are generally older and have other ongoing issues, such as arthritis or liver disease, and so the management of CRF can be challenging. However, CRF can be managed, mostly with the aid of medications, diet, and hydration.
Specific management is geared toward each stage of the disease, with each progressive stage recommendations built upon the previous stage recommendations. Any dog in any stage with an increase in either UPC (urine protein to creatinine ratio) or high blood pressure will most likely be treated with medication.
Throughout your dogs life, any disease process or illness that could affect his hydration should be treated promptly with IV fluids. Other drugs will be prescribed based on the dogs diagnosis since renal metabolism will be affected and can lead to overdosages and/or worsening of the kidney disease.
Additionally, for all stages, fresh water should always be available, drinking should be encouraged, and adequate nutrition should be given daily. Dogs diagnosed with CRF are most likely prescribed a kidney friendly diet, which may include feeding your dog a canned diet of wet food that contains additional water.
Recovery and Prevention of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
As chronic renal failure is not curable and often progressive (although the timeline is variable) in nature, dogs diagnosed early on will benefit from nutritional management and consistent veterinary attention, which may include more frequent check-ups and blood work.
Dogs in stages I and II may often be monitored for further progression of signs, and some may be given a prescription diet specifically geared to help the kidney, by limiting the amount of work they must do.
Many dogs can go on to have a decent quality of life for many months to years. Dogs in stages III and IV often require more medical and dietary assistance. If secondary anemia is present, erythropoietin injections can be given at the direction of your veterinarian.
Dietary supplements, and phosphorus binders (to treat high phosphorus levels) may also be given for low potassium. Anti-nausea and anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) medications can also be prescribed for dogs with a poor appetite, vomiting, or nausea. Fluids given either intravenously or underneath the skin can help dehydration. Because of the severity of signs often seen in dogs with stage III and IV, and the amount of care and effort required to support these dogs, some may be humanely euthanized.
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) In Dogs FAQs
How long can a dog live with kidney failure without treatment?
Left untreated, dogs in kidney failure will die, usually within a few days to a few weeks. Death is often preceded by loss of appetite, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting, and multi-organ failure.
Can dogs recover from chronic renal failure?
There is no cure for CRF. However, if CRF is caught early and managed correctly, most dogs that experience kidney disease can go on to live a relatively normal life with some changes and long-term management.
Can chronic renal failure in dogs be reversed?
While CRF is not reversible, early treatment can provide your pet with a happier, longer, and fuller life. Regular, semi-annual checkups are key to early diagnosis and treatment of the development of chronic renal disease.
Featured Image: iStock.com/Korneeva_Kristina
WRITTEN BY
Michael Kearley, DVMVeterinarian
Dr. Michael Kearley graduated from the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine in 2013. He graduated with a certificate in...
Kidney Failure in Dogs
What Is Kidney Failure in Dogs?
The primary job of the kidneys is to filter the blood by removing waste products and controlling the amount of fluid and nutrients kept in the body and how much is passed in urine.
With any type of kidney failure, this filtering isnt working well, so waste products are not properly removed from the bloodstream and too much fluid is passed in urine along with proteins and electrolytes. As waste products build up in the blood and tissues, dogs can get ulcerations (tears) in the lining of their digestive tract as well.
Kidney failure may also be referred to by terms listed below. The word renal refers to all things related to kidneys, and is often used interchangeably. Failure, insufficiency, and disease are commonly used to describe similar issues with the kidneys.
Kidney disease is often divided into categories based on how long it has been affecting the dog. Acute renal failure occurs in a very short time frame, and is often caused by eating or drinking a toxin or getting a severe infection that harms the kidneys. Chronic kidney disease refers to a process with a more gradual onset or one that has been happening for a longer period of time.
Changes that can occur with an aging pet are often caused by chronic kidney disease, but if a dogs kidneys were damaged by eating a toxic item several months ago and he now has renal failure because of this, it is also known as chronic kidney disease.
Symptoms of Kidney Failure in Dogs
Drinking more water (polydipsia)
More frequent urination (polyuria)
Urinary accidents in house-trained pets
Lack of energy
Refusing to eat
Vomiting
Drooling
Changes in defecation (either diarrhea or constipation)
Weight loss
Mouth sores
Bad breath
Weakness
Causes of Kidney Failure in Dogs
Kidney failure can occur because of an acute event, such as a toxin ingestion or infection that harms the kidneys; degenerative (worsening) changes over time; or an underlying medical condition that damages renal tissues, which can occur due to genetic predispositions in some dog breeds.
Specific causes include:
Ingested toxins
Metabolic diseases
Kidney infections
Autoimmune disease
Cancers
Breeds that are prone to inherited renal failure include:
How Veterinarians Diagnose Kidney Failure in Dogs
Your veterinarian will want to run several tests, in addition to a physical exam, to diagnose kidney failure, such as:
Complete blood count
Chemistry panel
Urinalysis with culture
Abdominal ultrasound
Treatment of Kidney Failure in Dogs
Treatment of kidney failure is based on the severity of the disease and whether it is acute or chronic.
Acute kidney disease is treated with hospitalization and IV fluid therapy to support the kidneys and help them remove wastes. Depending on the cause of the disease, decontamination medications, toxin-binding medications, antibiotics, or medications to support the gastrointestinal tract may be given. In extreme cases, renal dialysis can help the kidneys. This last procedure is rare, only available at some university or veterinary specialty hospitals.
Chronic kidney disease requires careful management of dogs at home. They need to have access to water at all times and be encouraged to drink water. Many dogs have improvements with a prescription kidney diet. Some dogs need to be on medications to control high blood pressure or to protect their stomach. Pets with chronic kidney disease need to see their veterinarian often so that their renal values can be checked. Some dogs with kidney disease need to receive injectable fluids at home or may even need to be hospitalized at times to help their fluid needs.
Recovery and Management of Kidney Failure in Dogs
With acute kidney failure, prognosis is variable depending upon the cause of the disease, how severe the disease is, how damaged the kidneys are, the speed and aggressiveness of treatment, and the dogs response.
For chronic renal failure, long-term prognosis is not good. Most dogs die or are euthanized within a year because of poor quality of life.
The families of dogs with kidney disease should expect to watch them closely and will need to see their veterinarian often, especially as their pets kidney function gets worse. These dogs will be easily dehydrated, as their kidneys are not able to keep water in their bodies. Any infection, vomiting, diarrhea, or changes in appetite or activity could severely dehydrate the pet and worsen the disease.
Kidney Failure in Dogs FAQs
How does kidney failure differ from kidney disease?
Kidney disease is a broader term that includes any problem with the kidneys. Kidney failure is a specific term that means the kidneys cant keep up with filtering waste products and managing fluid levels.
Is kidney failure fatal in dogs?
Depending on the severity and progression of the disease, kidney failure can be fatal.
WRITTEN BY
Laura Russell, DVM, MBA, DABVPVeterinarian
Dr. Russell is a 2003 graduate of the University of Missouri. She is board certified in Canine and Feline Practice, certified in canine...
How Long Can My Dog Live With Kidney Failure
[ad_1]Kidney failure in dogs is a serious condition that can greatly impact their quality of life and longevity. As a pet owner, its important to understand how long your dog can live with kidney failure and what you can do to help manage their condition. In this article, we will explore the factors that can affect a dogs lifespan with kidney failure, as well as provide insights from professionals in the field.
1. Improved Treatment Options: With advancements in veterinary medicine, there are now more treatment options available for dogs with kidney failure. These treatments can help manage the symptoms of the disease and improve the dogs quality of life.
2. Increased Awareness: Pet owners are becoming more aware of the signs and symptoms of kidney failure in dogs, leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment. This increased awareness can help prolong a dogs lifespan with the disease.
3. Nutritional Management: Proper nutrition is essential for dogs with kidney failure. Specialized diets can help reduce the workload on the kidneys and slow the progression of the disease, ultimately extending the dogs lifespan.
4. Supportive Care: Along with medical treatments, supportive care such as hydration therapy and monitoring of blood pressure can also help dogs with kidney failure live longer and more comfortably.
5. Individualized Treatment Plans: Veterinarians are now creating individualized treatment plans for dogs with kidney failure, taking into account the dogs age, breed, and overall health. This personalized approach can help improve outcomes and extend the dogs lifespan.
6. Holistic Approaches: Some pet owners are turning to holistic approaches such as acupuncture and herbal supplements to help manage their dogs kidney failure. While these methods may not be a cure, they can complement traditional treatments and improve the dogs overall well-being.
7. Quality of Life Focus: More pet owners are placing an emphasis on quality of life for their pets with kidney failure, rather than solely focusing on extending lifespan. This shift in mindset can lead to more compassionate care and better outcomes for dogs with the disease.
To gain further insights into the topic, we reached out to professionals in the field for their expertise:
Early detection and intervention are key when it comes to managing kidney failure in dogs. By monitoring your dogs kidney function regularly and following your veterinarians recommendations, you can help prolong your dogs lifespan and improve their quality of life.
Nutrition plays a crucial role in managing kidney failure in dogs. Specialized diets that are low in protein and phosphorus can help reduce the workload on the kidneys and slow the progression of the disease. Consult with your veterinarian to find the best diet for your dogs specific needs.
Supportive care is essential for dogs with kidney failure. Hydration therapy, blood pressure monitoring, and regular check-ups can help manage the symptoms of the disease and improve your dogs overall well-being. By working closely with your veterinarian, you can help your dog live a longer and more comfortable life.
Every dog is unique, and their treatment plan should reflect that. By working with your veterinarian to create an individualized treatment plan for your dog with kidney failure, you can help optimize their care and improve their prognosis. Remember, every day counts when it comes to managing this disease.
Now, lets address some common concerns that pet owners may have about their dogs kidney failure:
1. How long can my dog live with kidney failure?
The prognosis for dogs with kidney failure can vary depending on the severity of the disease and how well it is managed. With proper treatment and care, some dogs can live for several months to years after being diagnosed.
2. What are the signs of kidney failure in dogs?
Signs of kidney failure in dogs can include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, decreased appetite, vomiting, and lethargy. If you notice any of these symptoms in your dog, its important to consult with your veterinarian for further evaluation.
3. Can kidney failure be cured in dogs?
Unfortunately, kidney failure in dogs is usually not curable. However, with proper management and treatment, the progression of the disease can be slowed, and the dogs quality of life can be improved.
4. What are the treatment options for kidney failure in dogs?
Treatment options for kidney failure in dogs may include specialized diets, medications to manage symptoms, hydration therapy, and supportive care. Your veterinarian will work with you to create a treatment plan that is tailored to your dogs specific needs.
5. How can I help my dog with kidney failure at home?
You can help your dog with kidney failure at home by following your veterinarians recommendations for diet, medication, and monitoring. Providing a quiet and comfortable environment for your dog, as well as plenty of fresh water, can also help support their overall well-being.
6. Is kidney failure painful for dogs?
Kidney failure can be uncomfortable for dogs, especially as the disease progresses. By managing their symptoms and providing supportive care, you can help minimize their discomfort and improve their quality of life.
7. Should I consider euthanasia for my dog with kidney failure?
When considering euthanasia for a dog with kidney failure, its important to consult with your veterinarian to discuss your dogs quality of life and prognosis. Your veterinarian can help guide you in making the best decision for your pet.
8. Can kidney failure be prevented in dogs?
While some causes of kidney failure in dogs, such as genetics, cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk. Providing a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine veterinary care can help maintain your dogs kidney health.
9. What is the role of hydration in managing kidney failure in dogs?
Hydration is essential for dogs with kidney failure, as it helps flush toxins from the body and support kidney function. Providing plenty of fresh water for your dog to drink, as well as consulting with your veterinarian about hydration therapy, can help support their overall well-being.
10. How often should my dog with kidney failure see the veterinarian?
Dogs with kidney failure should see their veterinarian regularly for monitoring and adjustments to their treatment plan. Your veterinarian can help track your dogs kidney function, manage their symptoms, and ensure they are receiving the best possible care.
11. Can alternative therapies help manage kidney failure in dogs?
While alternative therapies such as acupuncture and herbal supplements may not be a cure for kidney failure in dogs, they can complement traditional treatments and improve the dogs overall well-being. Consult with your veterinarian before incorporating any alternative therapies into your dogs treatment plan.
12. What is the cost of treating kidney failure in dogs?
The cost of treating kidney failure in dogs can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the treatments required. Its important to discuss treatment options and costs with your veterinarian to create a plan that is both effective and affordable for your budget.
13. How can I monitor my dogs kidney function at home?
Your veterinarian may recommend at-home monitoring of your dogs kidney function through urine tests, blood tests, or monitoring of symptoms. By following your veterinarians instructions and keeping track of changes in your dogs health, you can help manage their kidney failure more effectively.
14. What are the potential complications of kidney failure in dogs?
Complications of kidney failure in dogs can include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, and high blood pressure. By working closely with your veterinarian to manage these complications, you can help improve your dogs overall prognosis.
15. What is the most important thing to remember when caring for a dog with kidney failure?
The most important thing to remember when caring for a dog with kidney failure is to work closely with your veterinarian to create a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses your dogs specific needs. By providing consistent care, monitoring their health, and making adjustments as needed, you can help optimize your dogs quality of life and extend their lifespan.
In summary, kidney failure in dogs is a serious condition that requires careful management and monitoring. With advancements in veterinary medicine, individualized treatment plans, and a focus on quality of life, dogs with kidney failure can live longer and more comfortably. By working closely with your veterinarian and following their recommendations, you can help support your dogs overall well-being and provide them with the best care possible.[ad_2]
