can kidney failure be reversed in dogs
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) in Dogs
What Is Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs?
Chronic renal failure (CRF), renal insufficiency, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are all medical terms used to describe the same condition. It occurs when the kidneys are unable to perform their required tasks at the same level of efficiency as before.
Dogs have two kidneys located on either side of their abdomen, that play a vital role in filtering waste from the body. Additionally, the kidneys serve to regulate fluid, mineral, and electrolyte balance; conserve water and protein; and play an important role in maintaining blood pressure and red blood cell production by making a hormone called erythropoietin.
Dogs cannot survive without their kidneys, and unfortunately, kidney transplants are yet to be a viable solution. Dialysis (a treatment for failing kidneys including the removal of waste) is often expensive and is extremely rare in dogs. However, early diagnosis and intervention is key to help maintain your dogs quality of life.
Once diagnosed, CRF is then classified into four different stages based on severity of clinical signs and laboratory values:
Stage I: Clinical signs usually not apparent
Stage II: Some clinical signs noted
Stage III: Many clinical signs noted, and pets often feel sick
Stage IV: Majority of clinical signs noted, pets often present as a crisis
Causes of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
The term chronic in chronic renal failure means that the process has been ongoing, is progressive, and unfortunately, cannot be reversed. For some dogs, the disease could have occurred after a serious kidney injury such as from a severe infection (i.e., leptospirosis, pyelonephritis) or ingestion of a toxic substance such as anti-freeze, grapes, or raisins, and certain antibiotics.
For others, it could be inherited, such as with glomerular disease (a specific type of renal kidney disease) and amyloidosis (a rare organ disease) as seen in breeds like the Bernese Mountain Dog and Shar-pei.
For others, it could be attributed to underlying immune-mediated diseases, stroke-like events, or even from clotting disorders. In cases for newly diagnosed dogs the underlying cause will likely remain unknown.
Symptoms of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
Clinical signs are often related to the severity of the CRF stage, meaning there are additional and more severe signs noted with stages III and IV than there are with stages I and II. Dogs often exhibit symptoms including:
Foul breath
Weight loss
Decreased appetite
Some dogs may show muscle wasting and signs attributed to high blood pressure, such as vision loss and weakness.
How Veterinarians Diagnose Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
CRF is often diagnosed based on routine blood work and a urinalysis looking specifically at kidney markers such as:
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): A by-product of protein metabolism, higher values can often indicate kidney failure
Creatinine (CREA): Measures how well kidneys are filtering waste from blood
Phosphorous: Elevated phosphorus levels typically indicate kidney damage
Electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, chloride)
Calcium
Red blood cell count: A low red blood cell count may indicate kidney failure
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA): An additional test to help determine if kidney disease is present; it can be used for early detection of kidney disease
Urine specific gravity: A marker of how diluted or concentrated the urine is. Usually the higher the number, the more concentrated the urine is and the greater ability of the kidney to conserve water.
Your veterinarian will most likely recommend additional diagnostic testing, including:
A urine protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio to quantify how much protein is being lost in the urine
A urine culture, as dogs in CKD are more likely to acquire urinary tract infections
A blood pressure evaluation
Radiographs or abdominal ultrasound to screen for kidney stones or infarcts (areas of dead tissue)
Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
Dogs with CRF are generally older and have other ongoing issues, such as arthritis or liver disease, and so the management of CRF can be challenging. However, CRF can be managed, mostly with the aid of medications, diet, and hydration.
Specific management is geared toward each stage of the disease, with each progressive stage recommendations built upon the previous stage recommendations. Any dog in any stage with an increase in either UPC (urine protein to creatinine ratio) or high blood pressure will most likely be treated with medication.
Throughout your dogs life, any disease process or illness that could affect his hydration should be treated promptly with IV fluids. Other drugs will be prescribed based on the dogs diagnosis since renal metabolism will be affected and can lead to overdosages and/or worsening of the kidney disease.
Additionally, for all stages, fresh water should always be available, drinking should be encouraged, and adequate nutrition should be given daily. Dogs diagnosed with CRF are most likely prescribed a kidney friendly diet, which may include feeding your dog a canned diet of wet food that contains additional water.
Recovery and Prevention of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs
As chronic renal failure is not curable and often progressive (although the timeline is variable) in nature, dogs diagnosed early on will benefit from nutritional management and consistent veterinary attention, which may include more frequent check-ups and blood work.
Dogs in stages I and II may often be monitored for further progression of signs, and some may be given a prescription diet specifically geared to help the kidney, by limiting the amount of work they must do.
Many dogs can go on to have a decent quality of life for many months to years. Dogs in stages III and IV often require more medical and dietary assistance. If secondary anemia is present, erythropoietin injections can be given at the direction of your veterinarian.
Dietary supplements, and phosphorus binders (to treat high phosphorus levels) may also be given for low potassium. Anti-nausea and anti-emetic (anti-vomiting) medications can also be prescribed for dogs with a poor appetite, vomiting, or nausea. Fluids given either intravenously or underneath the skin can help dehydration. Because of the severity of signs often seen in dogs with stage III and IV, and the amount of care and effort required to support these dogs, some may be humanely euthanized.
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) In Dogs FAQs
How long can a dog live with kidney failure without treatment?
Left untreated, dogs in kidney failure will die, usually within a few days to a few weeks. Death is often preceded by loss of appetite, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting, and multi-organ failure.
Can dogs recover from chronic renal failure?
There is no cure for CRF. However, if CRF is caught early and managed correctly, most dogs that experience kidney disease can go on to live a relatively normal life with some changes and long-term management.
Can chronic renal failure in dogs be reversed?
While CRF is not reversible, early treatment can provide your pet with a happier, longer, and fuller life. Regular, semi-annual checkups are key to early diagnosis and treatment of the development of chronic renal disease.
Featured Image: iStock.com/Korneeva_Kristina
WRITTEN BY
Michael Kearley, DVMVeterinarian
Dr. Michael Kearley graduated from the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine in 2013. He graduated with a certificate in...
Last Stage Of Kidney Failure In Dogs
[ad_1]Last Stage Of Kidney Failure In Dogs
Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, is a common condition that affects dogs of all breeds and ages. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining proper fluid balance in the body. When the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively, it can lead to a range of symptoms and complications. In the last stage of kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease, the kidneys are no longer able to function properly, leading to severe symptoms and a poor prognosis.
In this article, we will explore the last stage of kidney failure in dogs, including common symptoms, treatment options, and prognosis. We will also discuss interesting trends related to the topic, as well as common concerns and answers for pet owners facing this difficult diagnosis.
Symptoms of Last Stage Kidney Failure in Dogs
The last stage of kidney failure in dogs is characterized by severe symptoms that can significantly impact your pets quality of life. Some common symptoms of end-stage renal disease in dogs include:
Severe lethargy and weakness
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Vomiting and diarrhea
Increased thirst and urination
Bad breath
Pale gums
Muscle weakness and cramping
Difficulty breathing
Swollen abdomen
If your dog is displaying any of these symptoms, it is important to seek veterinary care immediately. End-stage renal disease is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment to manage symptoms and improve your pets quality of life.
Treatment Options for Last Stage Kidney Failure in Dogs
Unfortunately, there is no cure for end-stage renal disease in dogs. However, there are treatment options available to help manage symptoms and improve your pets quality of life. Some common treatment options for dogs in the last stage of kidney failure include:
Fluid therapy to help maintain proper hydration
Medications to control blood pressure and manage symptoms such as nausea and vomiting
Prescription diets that are low in protein and phosphorus to reduce the workload on the kidneys
Supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B complex to support kidney function
Dialysis or kidney transplant in severe cases
It is important to work closely with your veterinarian to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your dogs individual needs. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to ensure that your pet is receiving the best possible care.
Prognosis for Dogs in the Last Stage of Kidney Failure
The prognosis for dogs in the last stage of kidney failure is guarded, as the condition is often progressive and can be difficult to manage. The goal of treatment is to improve your pets quality of life and manage symptoms, rather than cure the underlying disease. With proper treatment and management, some dogs with end-stage renal disease can live for several months to a year or longer. However, the prognosis will vary depending on the severity of the disease and your pets overall health.
Interesting Trends Related to Last Stage Kidney Failure in Dogs
1. Increased awareness of kidney disease in dogs: As pet owners become more educated about the signs and symptoms of kidney disease, there has been a growing trend in early detection and diagnosis of the condition.
2. Advances in treatment options: Veterinary medicine has made significant advancements in the treatment of kidney disease in dogs, including new medications, therapies, and surgical techniques.
3. Focus on holistic care: Many pet owners are turning to holistic and alternative therapies to help manage symptoms and improve their pets quality of life in the last stage of kidney failure.
4. Genetic predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Shih Tzus, are more prone to developing kidney disease, leading to increased awareness and research in these populations.
5. Support groups for pet owners: Online support groups and forums have become popular among pet owners facing the challenges of end-stage renal disease in their dogs, providing a sense of community and shared experiences.
6. Palliative care: As more pet owners opt for palliative care for their dogs in the last stage of kidney failure, there has been a focus on improving comfort and quality of life through pain management and supportive therapies.
7. Research into new treatment options: Scientists and veterinarians are continually researching new treatment options for kidney disease in dogs, including stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy.
Common Concerns and Answers for Pet Owners Facing Last Stage Kidney Failure in Dogs
1. Concern: Will my dog be in pain?
Answer: Your veterinarian can prescribe pain medications and other supportive therapies to help manage your dogs discomfort and improve their quality of life.
2. Concern: What should I feed my dog with kidney disease?
Answer: A prescription diet that is low in protein and phosphorus can help reduce the workload on the kidneys and slow the progression of the disease.
3. Concern: Can my dog still enjoy life in the last stage of kidney failure?
Answer: With proper treatment and management, many dogs with end-stage renal disease can still enjoy a good quality of life, albeit with some limitations.
4. Concern: How often should I take my dog to the vet for check-ups?
Answer: Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor your dogs condition and adjust their treatment plan as needed.
5. Concern: Is there anything I can do to prevent kidney disease in my dog?
Answer: Providing a balanced diet, regular exercise, and timely veterinary care can help reduce the risk of kidney disease in dogs.
6. Concern: Can my dog still go for walks and play in the last stage of kidney failure?
Answer: Depending on your dogs condition, they may still be able to enjoy light exercise and play, but it is important to consult with your veterinarian first.
7. Concern: How can I help my dog with end-stage renal disease feel more comfortable at home?
Answer: Providing a quiet, comfortable environment, regular grooming, and plenty of love and attention can help your dog feel more comfortable and secure.
8. Concern: Will my dog need to be hospitalized for treatment?
Answer: In some cases, dogs with end-stage renal disease may require hospitalization for intensive treatment, but many can be managed on an outpatient basis with regular veterinary visits.
9. Concern: Can kidney disease be reversed in dogs?
Answer: While kidney disease cannot be reversed, proper treatment and management can help slow the progression of the disease and improve your dogs quality of life.
10. Concern: Should I consider euthanasia for my dog in the last stage of kidney failure?
Answer: Euthanasia is a difficult decision that should be made in consultation with your veterinarian, based on your dogs quality of life and overall prognosis.
11. Concern: Will my dog need to be on medications for the rest of their life?
Answer: Dogs with end-stage renal disease may require long-term medication to manage symptoms and support kidney function, but your veterinarian can help adjust their treatment plan as needed.
12. Concern: Can I give my dog over-the-counter medications for kidney disease?
Answer: It is important to consult with your veterinarian before giving your dog any medications, as some over-the-counter drugs can be harmful to dogs with kidney disease.
13. Concern: How can I monitor my dogs condition at home?
Answer: Keeping a journal of your dogs symptoms, appetite, and behavior, as well as monitoring their weight and hydration levels, can help you and your veterinarian track their progress.
14. Concern: Are there any alternative therapies that can help my dog with end-stage renal disease?
Answer: Some pet owners have found acupuncture, massage therapy, and herbal supplements to be helpful in managing symptoms and improving their dogs quality of life.
15. Concern: How can I cope with the emotional toll of caring for a dog with end-stage renal disease?
Answer: Seeking support from friends, family, and online communities, as well as practicing self-care and seeking counseling if needed, can help you cope with the challenges of caring for a sick pet.
In summary, the last stage of kidney failure in dogs is a challenging diagnosis that requires careful management and support. By working closely with your veterinarian and providing your dog with the best possible care, you can help improve their quality of life and make their remaining time as comfortable as possible. Remember to advocate for your pets needs, seek support from others facing similar challenges, and cherish the time you have left with your beloved companion.[ad_2]
